ABSTRACT
Serum cortisol concentration indicates the severity of the underlying condition. More severe disease results in increased cortisol concentrations in the blood, increasing the probability of a catastrophic outcome. A high level of serum cortisol is found in patients with community-acquired pneumonia, and these patients are more likely to develop major complications and death. Corticosteroids are endogenous hormones that are produced by the hypothalamus pituitary adrenal pathway, which is involved for stress response. Considering, known risk factors of endocrine disturbance, there has been minimal discussion on measuring the serum cortisol concentration in COVID-19 patients. SARS-CoV-2 mediated pathogenetic pathways, may also affect endogenous steroid synthesis, particularly cortisol. For the purpose of improving survival rate in severe COVID-19 individuals, we discuss briefly about the current and new findings in the support of measuring the serum cortisol levels in severe COVID-19 individuals and facilitate better treatment management in this article.
ABSTRACT
Many complications and symptoms were documented on COVID-19 patients in the second-phase of the COVID-19 outbreak in India. Patients with COVID-19 are already of increased risk of pulmonary embolism (PE), acute cardiac injury (ACI), arrhythmias, and a variety of additional consequences such as altered mental status and proptosis. Mucormycosis, a fungal infection produced by a type of moulds known as mucormycetes, was discovered in a COVID-19 patient. It is a very rare and serious fungal infection (Black Fungus). Mucormycosis, one of the most rapidly spreading infections in COVID-19 patients, has been recorded in 11,717 cases in India. Molds dwell in the environment and primarily affect people who have a weak immune system. Inhaling pathogenic organisms from the air usually causes it to harm the sinuses and lungs. COVID-19 individuals have immunosuppressive with significant drop in CD4+T and CD8+T cells, in addition to alveoli damage and severe pulmonary inflammation. As a result, severely ill-patients, particularly those sent in the intensive-care-unit (ICU) and requiring mechanical ventilation, or those with extended hospital stays 40 to 50 days were more susceptible to mucormycosis. Further, it is crucial to find out that COVID-19 patients especially the ones who are severely ill resulting in weaker immune system can further develop a fungal infection during the middle and or latter stages of COVID-19.
ABSTRACT
Hot water is good for throat, but the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) hidden behind sinuses about 3-4 days. There was no way through which the warm water would reach behind sinuses. The virus that is hiding behind the sinuses enters the lungs within 4 to 5 days and causes respiratory problems. Inhaling vapor reaches the back of the sinuses. Steam inhalation thins mucus and clears nasal passages and reduces inflammation of the upper respiratory tract or inhibits viral replication due to the heat of the steam. The virus is paralyzed at 50 ° C. The virus becomes so weak at 60 C that it can be resisted by the human immune 0 system. The virus is completely dead at 70 °C. COVID-19 can be killed by breathing vapours through the nose and mouth, according to doctors. Symptoms of mild to moderate infection (COVID-19) usually disappear through vapor inhalation. If everyone started a week-long streaming campaign, the pandemic would end soon. The deadly COVID- 19 is likely to be eliminated if everyone inhales steam during the week. There are no negative consequences to this exercise, and it is inexpensive. This review article describes the benefits of inhalation of steam and its use as an adjunct treatment during the COVID-19 pandemic
ABSTRACT
Fibromyalgia (FM) is a musculo-skeletal disorder and tiredness which results in diffuse myalgia, localized pain, weakness, lower pain thresholds and non-restorative sleep. Multiple sources of evidence supporting the view of decreased flux via the serotonin pathway in FM patients. Supplementation with serotonin substrates, through L- tryptophan or 5-Hydroxytryptophan (5-HTP) significantly improves depression symptoms, anxiety, fatigue and poor sleep in FM patients. Advances in fibromyalgia recognition have helped to increase the therapy choices for FM patients. New medications, nutritional supplements, and nutritional / pharmacological improvement of deep-stage sleep are all being studied by researchers that emphasizes awareness, exercise, and serotonin substrate / receptor regulation.